Although Wikipedia is not always the best source, I believe that it has a good definition for what an agricultural subsidy is.
“An agricultural subsidy is a governmental
subsidy paid to farmers and agribusinesses to supplement their income, manage
the supply of agricultural commodities, and influence the cost and supply of
such commodities.”
The definition is so good because it explains why we have these subsidies. As I am sure we all know, farming is one of the riskiest professions because it relies so heavily on the weather. One important aspect of government subsidies is that they allow for farmers to be better protected against droughts or floods. These subsidies also allow the government to control the price of the food made in the United States. This helps our farmers to stay competitive in the global market, and also keeps the price of subsidized foods down.
The important part of that last sentence was that it keeps the price of SUBSIDIZED foods down. The issue with our current system is that much of the money is being used to subsidize corn and other products that make up much of processed foods. In the United States, nearly over 35% (nearly 3 billion dollars) of the subsidies go to corn or other feed grains. Americans obviously do not eat that much corn, so where is all the subsidy money going?
Well, there are numerous different uses for these grains (other than the small we eat directly). One of the most common uses is in the name, feeding animals. The American diet has transitioned over the years, and we are eating more and more meat. The animals are fed grains farmed on governmentally subsidized farms. Because feeding the animals is so cheap, we have inexpensive meat like the burgers at McDonalds. The fact that you can buy a burger for a dollar is not helping Americans avoid unhealthy eating.
A second, important, use for the subsidized grain is to create ethanol. A large percentage of corn subsidies are used to grow corn that can be blended blended into vehicle fuel each year. This is an good government subsidy for corn, and one that does not negatively effect our health.
Overall, there are good government agricultural subsidies, and some that are more harmful than good. We see that the majority of the subsidies go to help grow corn which is used to make ethanol but and to make cheap, unhealthy food. What we need is to convince our government that subsidies would be much more beneficial if they lowered the price of fruits as opposed to burgers.